The Federation of South Arabia was an organization of states under British rule, and would later become South Yemen. A team from South Arabia was sent to the 1966 Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica.

Athletes from South Arabia did not win any medals at their only appearances at the Commonwealth Games.

The British colony of Aden, which had attended the 1962 Games, joined the 1966 Games as part of South Arabia.

In 1967 the Federation of South Arabia left the Commonwealth.